清热化瘀方联合康复训练治疗脑卒中恢复期临床观察

目的观察清热化瘀方联合康复训练对脑中风恢复期患者神经功能改善的影响,为临床提供疗效依据。方法选取2019年6月—2019年10月收治的脑中风恢复期患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组,对照组采用常规内科治疗及康复训练,试验组在对照组治疗方案的基础上加用清热化瘀方颗粒,记录并分析2组患者治疗后的临床疗效。结果试验组患者的总有效率高于对照组,试验组治疗后神经功能缺损评分、肢体感觉及运动功能评分、肢体平衡能力评分、生活能力评分均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论清热化瘀方联合康复训练可明显改善脑中风恢复期患者的症状,减轻神经功能缺损程度,提高感觉及运动功能,提高生活能力。     

山西营养与慢性病家庭队列人群体质指数与死亡率的关系

目的 分析山西营养与慢性病家庭队列人群BMI与总死亡率的关系。方法 以"2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查"山西省调查人群为基线建立队列，于2015年12月至2016年3月对研究对象进行随访调查，对逝者进行死因回顾调查。2002年基线信息完整的≥ 18岁研究对象7 007人，随访到5 360人，随访率为76.5%。将研究对象按BMI分为8组，计算死亡率，以死亡率最低组作为参照，采用Cox比例风险回归模型估计全人群、分性别、年龄（≥ 60岁、<60岁）的各组死亡风险比（HR）及95% CI，模型调整基线年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、文化程度等因素，并进行敏感性分析。结果 共随访67 129人年，平均随访12.5年，死亡615人，队列总死亡率为916/10万人年。BMI为26.0~27.9 kg/m²组死亡率最低，以该组为参照组，多因素调整后，BMI<18.5、18.5~19.9、22.0~23.9和≥ 30.0 kg/m²组的死亡风险明显升高，调整HR值（95% CI）分别为1.90（1.26~2.86）、1.68（1.15~2.45）、1.49（1.08~2.06）和1.72（1.07~2.76）。对于≥ 60岁老年人，BMI<18.5 kg/m²组的死亡风险明显升高，调整HR值（95% CI）为1.94（1.20~3.15）。结论 BMI ≤ 19.9、22.0~23.9及≥ 30.0 kg/m²均会增加全因死亡风险。除关注肥胖外，低体重营养不良造成的老年人高死亡风险应特别引起重视。     

师承教育在医教协同创新中医人才培养中的作用

中医师承教育是当今社会中医传承的主要方式,其培养了大量的中医优秀人才,促进中医药文化和中医学术思想传播,是现代中医药发展不可缺少的组成部分。但近代以来,人们脑海中逐渐形成了以西方医学为体系的思维模式时,中医学教育该如何的发展与传承。针对这一现象,我们分析了现代院校教育与师承教育的特点,阐述师承教育在现代中医人才培养中的作用,以期探讨高等中医药院校教育改革的模式。     

中医辨治新型冠状病毒肺炎的隐喻分析＊

本文以概念隐喻为工具，立足于“疫病是徭役”“疫病是战争”两个基本隐喻，分析新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）之中医病名、病机特点、发病过程和治法方药。通过分析发现，古人以徭役之涉及人群广泛和服役者死伤众多两大特点认识疫病的致病特点；本病是由新型冠状肺炎病毒侵犯人体，人体奋起反击的保卫战役，肺卫之气的盛衰是这场战争成败的重要转折，祛邪外出是本次战争的基本战略。此外，本文认为，结合现有实验室检查结果，新冠肺炎的中医治疗应考虑“痰”邪在病变过程中的重要影响。     

不同强度经皮穴位电刺激对胸腔镜手术患者术后免疫功能的影响

目的观察不同强度经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)对胸腔镜手术患者术后免疫功能的影响。方法将68例行胸腔镜手术治疗的患者按住院先后顺序采取随机数字表法分为低强度TEAS组、中强度TEAS组、高强度TEAS组和电针组,每组17例。4组术后在镇痛泵治疗的基础上,给予不同强度的TEAS或电针治疗。观察4组患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)和血清免疫球蛋白水平。结果4组术后CD3﹢和CD4﹢T淋巴细胞、NK细胞、血清IgM、血清IgG的水平均较术前降低(P<0.05);术后48 h低强度TEAS组和高强度TEAS组的CD3﹢和CD4﹢T淋巴细胞、NK细胞、血清IgM的水平均低于电针组(P<0.05);中强度TEAS组和电针组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4组术后CD8﹢T淋巴细胞、CD4﹢/CD8﹢以及血清IgG水平组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论中强度TEAS能够有效改善胸腔镜手术后患者的免疫功能。     

SMYD3 promotes implant metastasis of ovarian cancer via H3K4 trimethylation of integrin promoters

Detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor and formation of spheroids in ascites is required for implantation metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but the underlying mechanism of this process has not been thoroughly elucidated. To mimic this process, ovarian cancer cells were grown in 3D and 2D culture. Hey and OVCA433 spheroids exhibited decreased cell proliferation and enhanced adhesion and invasion. SMYD3 expression was elevated in ovarian carcinoma spheroids in association with increased H3K4 methylation. Depletion of SMYD3 by transient siRNA, stable shRNA knockdown and the SMYD3 inhibitor BCI-121 all decreased spheroid invasion and adhesion. Gene expression arrays revealed downregulation of integrin family members. Inhibition assays confirmed that invasion and adhesion of spheroids are mediated by ITGB6 and ITGAM. SMYD3-deficient cells regained the ability to invade and adhere after forced overexpression of SMYD3, ITGB6 and ITGAM. However, this biological ability was not restored by forced overexpression of SMYD3 in ITGB6- and/or ITGAM-deficient cancer cells. SMYD3 and H3K4me3 binding at the ITGB6 and ITGAM promoters was increased in spheroids compared to that in monolayer cells, and the binding was decreased when SMYD3 expression was inhibited, consistent with the expression changes in integrins. SMYD3 expression and integrin-mediated adhesion were also activated in an intraperitoneal xenograft model and in EOC patient spheroids. In vivo, SMYD3 knockdown inhibited tumor metastasis and reduced ascites volume in both the intraperitoneal xenograft model and a PDX model. Overall, our results suggest that the SMYD3-H3K4me3-integrin pathway plays a crucial role in ovarian cancer metastasis to the peritoneal surface.     

食管鳞癌基因多态性表达与生存分析

目的:探讨食管鳞癌肿瘤组织中ERCC1、TYMS、TUBB3基因表达与预后生存的关系。方法:选择2012年9月至2016年5月我科收治的68例食管鳞癌患者，术后病理分期IIa-IIIa期；检测肿瘤组织ERCC1、TYMS、TUBB3 mRNA表达水平。术后患者分为个体化化疗组和标准化疗组，个体化组患者根据基因检测结果选择敏感药物化疗方案（CF/DCF/TC方案）进行化疗，标准组应用CF方案化疗，所有患者长期随访，统计化疗不良反应及生存数据。结果:肿瘤组织中ERCC1、TYMS、TUBB3阳性表达率分别为43%、47%、51%，无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。所有患者总一年生存率、两年生存率及三年生存率为分别为90.57%，72.45%和59.77%。生存曲线分析提示:0项基因阳性组预后最佳（P＜0.05），而1项、2项和3项基因阳性组间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。个体化化疗组的III/IV级化疗不良反应发生率明显低于标准化疗组（P＜0.05）。结论:食管鳞癌患者中ERCC1、TYMS、TUBB3表达具有特定的临床特征，其高表达患者预后欠佳。根据基因检测结果进行个体化化疗可以获得更好的疗效和耐受性，不良反应更轻。     

三种智慧放疗计划预测模型的性能评价

目的比较三种智慧放疗计划预测模型的精度与泛化鲁棒性,为模型选择提供依据。方法收集45例前列腺癌和25例鼻咽癌临床放疗计划,运用Z、L、S模型预测前列腺癌中膀胱和直肠、鼻咽癌中左右腮腺的剂量体积直方图(DVH)。应用预测DVH与临床DVH曲线下面积的差别(|DVH预测-DVH临床|)评价预测误差,误差越小则预测精度越高。在单个危及器官(OAR)上比较3种预测模型的精度,并在不同OAR中计算各模型预测精度的标准差以评价和比较模型的泛化鲁棒性。结果对于膀胱和直肠,L模型的预测误差(0.114和0.163)显著大于Z和S模型(≤0.071,P<0.05);对于左腮腺,S模型的预测误差(0.033)与Z和L模型相近(≤0.025,P>0.05);对于右腮腺,S模型的预测误差(0.033)显著大于Z和L模型(≤0.028,P<0.05)。在不同OAR上,S模型的预测精度标准差比Z、L模型小(分别为0.016、0.018和0.060)。结论在前列腺癌膀胱和直肠的DVH预测中Z和S模型的精度较高,而在鼻咽癌左右腮腺中Z和L模型较高,在不同OAR上S模型的泛化鲁棒性相对较好。     

Strategies for the use of Ginkgo biloba extract,EGb 761®, in the treatment and management of mild cognitive impairment in Asia: Expert consensus

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a neurocognitive state between normal cognitive aging and dementia, with evidence of neuropsychological changes but insufficient functional decline to warrant a diagnosis of dementia. Individuals with MCI are at increased risk for progression to dementia; and an appreciable proportion display neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), also a known risk factor for dementia. Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is thought to be an underdiagnosed contributor to MCI/dementia. The Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761^®, is increasingly being used for the symptomatic treatment of cognitive disorders with/without CVD, due to its known neuroprotective effects and cerebrovascular benefits.AimsTo present consensus opinion from the ASian Clinical Expert group on Neurocognitive Disorders (ASCEND) regarding the role of EGb 761^® in MCI.Materials & MethodsThe ASCEND Group reconvened in September 2019 to present and critically assess the current evidence on the general management of MCI, including the efficacy and safety of EGb 761^® as a treatment option.ResultsEGb 761^® has demonstrated symptomatic improvement in at least four randomized trials, in terms of cognitive performance, memory, recall and recognition, attention and concentration, anxiety, and NPS. There is also evidence that EGb 761^® may help delay progression from MCI to dementia in some individuals.DiscussionEGb 761^® is currently recommended in multiple guidelines for the symptomatic treatment of MCI. Due to its beneficial effects on cerebrovascular blood flow, it is reasonable to expect that EGb 761^® may benefit MCI patients with underlying CVD.ConclusionAs an expert group, we suggest it is clinically appropriate to incorporate EGb 761^® as part of the multidomain intervention for MCI.     

Adult‐onset inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus: Immunohistochemical studies and review of the literature

Adult‐onset inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is an uncommon cutaneous disease compared to childhood‐onset ILVEN. The typical histopathologic features are alternating parakeratosis and orthokeratosis with an absent granular layer underneath parakeratosis, in contrast to a thickened granular layer below the foci of orthokeratosis in psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia. Herein, we present a 49‐year‐old woman with typical clinical and histopathologic characteristics of adult‐onset ILVEN, including linear arrangement of thick scaly papules and plaques localized on the medial side of her right leg, ankle, and foot. Immunohistochemical studies included involucrin, Ki‐67, and keratin‐10. Compared to the staining pattern in psoriasis, the expression of involucrin in this case was of lower intensity and localized to upper epidermal layers with relatively less extensive staining beneath regions of parakeratosis as compared to orthokeratosis; Ki‐67 showed lower basal layer proliferative activity; and keratin‐10 showed a greater intensity of staining within suprabasal epidermis.